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Electric shock at low to moderate levels without ventricular fibrillation can occur in aquatic environments due to reduced body impedance and greater susceptibility to the effects of electric current.
While modern standards aim to provide fatality protection for installations, differing requirements over time for supply quality, fixed installations and appliances has resulted in gaps leading to situations where shocks have occurred in the absence of an actionable or non-compliant condition.
This presentation covers the theory and risks behind low-level shocks, an assessment of requirement gaps, recent investigations, unidentified cases and emerging issues.